Somatic Experiencing (SE™) is a body-oriented therapeutic model for healing trauma and other stress disorders. The SE approach releases traumatic shock, which is key to transforming PTSD and the wounds of emotional and early developmental attachment trauma. It offers a framework to assess where a person is “stuck” in the fight, flight or freeze responses and provides clinical tools to resolve these fixated physiological states.

SE resolves symptoms of stress, shock, and trauma that accumulate in our bodies. When we are stuck in patterns of fight, flight, or freeze, SE helps us release, recover, and become more resilient. The Somatic Experiencing approach facilitates the completion of self-protective motor responses and the release of thwarted survival energy bound in the body, thus addressing the root cause of trauma symptoms. This is approached by gently guiding clients to develop increasing tolerance for difficult bodily sensations and suppressed emotions. The Somatic Experiencing method works to release this stored energy and turn off this threat alarm that causes severe dysregulation and dissociation. SE helps people understand this body response to trauma and work through a “body first” approach to healing.

Cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) is a practical, short-term form of psychotherapy. It helps people to develop skills and strategies for becoming and staying healthy. CBT accomplishes this by focusing on modifying dysfunctional thoughts and behaviours, by interrogating and uprooting negative or irrational beliefs. Considered a "solutions-oriented" form of talk therapy, CBT rests on the idea that thoughts and perceptions influence behaviour.

CBT focuses on the here and now—on the problems that come up in day-to-day life. CBT helps people to examine how they make sense of what is happening around them and how these perceptions affect the way they feel.

Dialectical behaviour therapy (DBT) is a modified version of CBT that focuses on the dialectic of acceptance and change. DBT is a structured program of psychotherapy with a strong educational component designed to provide skills for managing intense emotions and negotiating social relationships. DBT acknowledges the need for change in a context of acceptance of situations and recognizes the constant flux of feelings—many of them contradictory—without having to get caught up in them. Therapist-teachers help patients understand and accept that thought is an inherently messy process. DBT is itself an interplay of science and practice.

DBT specifically focuses on providing therapeutic skills in four key areas.

• Mindfulness enables individuals to accept and be present in the current moment by noting the fleeting nature of emotions, which diminishes the power of emotions to direct their actions.

• DBT also inculcates distress tolerance, the ability to tolerate negative emotion rather than needing to escape from it or acting in ways that make difficult situations worse.

• Emotional regulation strategies give individuals the power to manage and change intense emotions that are causing problems in their life.

• Last but not least, DBT teaches techniques of interpersonal effectiveness, allowing a person to communicate with others in a way that is assertive, maintains self-respect, and strengthens relationships; a core principle is that learning how to ask directly for what you want diminishes resentment and hurt feelings.

Solution-Focused Brief Therapy (SFBT) is a short-term goal-focused evidence-based therapeutic approach, which incorporates positive psychology principles and practices, and which helps clients change by constructing solutions rather than focusing on problems. In the most basic sense, SFBT is a hope-friendly, positive emotion eliciting, future-oriented vehicle for formulating, motivating, achieving, and sustaining desired behavioural change.

EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) is a psychotherapy that enables people to heal from the symptoms and emotional distress that are the result of disturbing life experiences.

EMDR uses rapid sets of bilateral stimulation (visual, tactile, or auditory) movements to help you update disturbing experiences, much like what occurs when we sleep. During sleep, we alternate between regular sleep and REM (rapid eye movement). This sleep pattern helps you process things that are troubling you. EMDR replicates this sleep pattern by alternating between sets of bilateral stimulation and brief reports about what you are noticing. This alternating process helps you update your memories to a healthier present perspective.

Experiences during a session may include changes in thoughts, images and feelings. With repeated sets of eye movements, the memory tends to change in such a way that it loses its painful intensity and simply becomes a neutral memory of an event in the past. Other associated memories may also heal at the same time. EMDR processing helps you break through the emotional blocks that are keeping you from living an adaptive, emotionally healthy life.

Person-centred therapy was developed by Carl Rogers and its foundation is built on the concept that all humans have an innate motivation to move towards growth and self-actualization. Client-centred therapy is considered a non-directive therapy that focuses on how the clinician engages with the client, this is accomplished with core conditions within the therapeutic relationship which then enable clients to develop insights and move towards lasting change. develop insights and move towards lasting change. These core conditions can be described as

• Congruence which is interpersonal genuineness, honesty, and directness,

• Acceptance, or unconditional positive regard,

• Empathy.

During person-centred therapy, a therapist acts as a compassionate facilitator, listening without judgment and acknowledging the client’s experience without shifting the conversation in another direction. The therapist is there to encourage and support the client without interrupting or interfering with their process of self-discovery, as they uncover what hurts and what is needed to repair it.

Ego State Therapy is a form of therapy that recognizes and works with the various sub-personalities of the self, or different ego states of a person. These sub-personalities are often based on different developmental stages and are typically the parts that have been hurt or are holding on to uncomfortable emotions like shame, anger, or fear. The goal of ego states therapy is to help the wounded parts heal, create harmony between all parts of the self, restoring mental and emotional balance. Ego state therapy can be used to treat anxiety, depression, trauma, phobias, among other mental health struggles.

Ego State Therapy helps get in touch with the different parts of the self and develop a loving relationship with each part. For instance, as that inner child feels tended to, loved, and validated they will start to feel safe and will become activated and triggered less often. The therapy will help the mature adult self be most present in dealing with other people, emotions, and situations.

Mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) are therapeutic interventions that utilize a mindfulness approach. Mindfulness is often considered the state in which one becomes more aware of one's physical, mental, and emotional condition in the present moment, without becoming judgmental. Individuals may be able to pay attention to a variety of experiences, such as bodily sensations, cognitions, and feelings, and accept them without being influenced by them. Mindfulness practices help people better control their thoughts, rather than be controlled by them. Mindfulness is often incorporated into other therapeutic modalities.

Some critical components of mindfulness include: being aware of all thoughts, feelings, and sensations that arise; being aware of all physical, mental, and emotional conditions in a given moment; practicing acceptance; practicing objectivity; practicing self-compassion; practicing non-judgment.